The personal scope of sickness insurance determines who may be insured. Under the Sickness Insurance Act, the following persons shall be insured if they meet the conditions stipulated for participation in sickness insurances and are active in the Czech Republic.

On a compulsory basis

Employees:

• Workers with an employment relationship,
• Officers of the Police of the Czech Republic, the Fire and Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, the Customs Administration of the Czech Republic, the Prison Service of the Czech Republic, the Security Information Service, the Office for Foreign Relations and Information, and professional soldiers,
• State employees under the Service of Public Servants Act,
• Members of cooperatives where membership depends on them being in an employment relationship with the cooperative provided that, outside the contractual employment relationship, they work for the cooperative for which they are remunerated by the cooperative,
• Employees with Agreements on Working Activity,
• Workers with an employment relationship established under foreign legislation,
• Judges,
• Members of the Boards of Representatives of territorial self-governing units and Boards of Representatives of municipal quarters or municipal districts of territorially divided statutory cities and the Capital of Prague who have been disengaged from their regular occupations during the long term in order to discharge this function, or those who had not been employed prior to being elected Members of the Boards of Representatives but discharge the function to the same extent as Members of the Board of Representatives disengaged during the long term,
• Members of the Lower House of Parliament and Senators of the Senate of the Czech Parliament and Members of the European Parliament elected in the Czech Republic,
• Members of the government, President, Vice-President and Members of the Supreme Audit Office, Members of the Council for Radio and Television Broadcasting, Members of the Board of the Institute for Studying Totalitarian Regimes, Members of the Board of the Czech Telecommunication Office, Financial Arbitrator and Deputy Financial Arbitrator, Public Defender of Rights and Deputy Public Defender of Rights,
• Natural entities who, under special law, are appointed or elected chiefs of an administrative authority or a statutory body of a legal entity established under special law, or a deputy for this chief or statutory body if this chief or statutory body is just one entity and the appointment or election did not result in establishing an employment or service relationship for these persons; natural entities who, under special law, discharge a public function outside an employment or service relationship if their employment relationship is subject to the specified scope of the Labour Code,
• Voluntary home care services staff,
• Foster-parents working in facilities designed for this purpose under special legislation, or who are paid remuneration for foster care that foster-parents are paid in special events and under special legislation,
• Imprisoned convicts included in a work process,
• People working under a relationship with the same content as an employment relationship, but without establishing the employment relationship because the conditions set out by labour law for establishing an employment relationship are not met,
• Partners and executives of limited liability companies and limited partners in special limited partnerships if they carry out work for the company outside of an employment relationship and such work is remunerated, and directors of public undertakings or utilities if they carry out work for the company outside of an employment relationship and such work is remunerated
• Authorised agents (proxies) if their income from their work as agents  (proxies) is deemed income from dependent activity under the Income Tax Act
• Members of collective bodies of legal persons, where such members are remunerated for their work in such bodies, provided the income for their work in such bodies is deemed income from dependent activity or emoluments under the Income Tax Act
• Liquidators (receivers) if their income from their work as liquidators (receivers) is deemed dependent activity under the Income Tax Act
• Directors of branches of legal persons, where such branches are listed in Section 167c and their permanent place of work is in the Czech Republic.

On a voluntary basis

• Self-employed persons
• Foreign employees – employees of a foreign employer if they are active in the Czech Republic for the foreign employer’s benefit. Foreign employees participate in the insurance if they have applied to enter the insurance system using the prescribed form.

Someone who carries out numerous activities establishing participation in sickness insurance under the law (e.g., he or she has a number of jobs) shall be insured for each activity separately.